Tuesday, November 17, 2015

The Creation of an Epidemic: Tommy John Surgery in Baseball (Part Two of Two)

*Part two to a two part story. Read Part one here
Kids today have nothing to fear about Tommy John surgery. The surgery has become safer than ever, more and more pitchers each year come back and reclaim their elite status after the surgery. Out of all the pitchers that receive Tommy John surgery, 80% make it back to the big leagues. Just take a look at the New York Mets, the 2015 National League Champions. Five of their best and most promising starting pitchers have had Tommy John surgery, which includes Zack Wheeler, Matt Harvey, Jake DeGrom, Steven Matz and closer Bobby Parnell. Kids today see the National League Champions with a rotation full of Tommy John surgery recipients, see their success with Tommy John surgery and begin not to worry about the negatives. Even newly elected Hall of Fame pitcher John Smoltz had the surgery, the first ever to have Tommy John surgery and make it into the Hall of Fame.
            With so many success stories, many people think that the surgery has a 100% success rate and pitchers can come back even stronger after surgery. Without any apparent repercussions for having Tommy John surgery, pitchers rationalize that a new and fixed ligament will basically give a clean slate when it comes to wear and tear on the elbow. These players believe that they can throw harder because of it as well, which will get them to the major leagues and the big paycheck, so pitchers elect for surgery if at all possible.
            However, the stereotype is very much false. Tommy John surgery is a transplant, meaning that a doctor replaces the ligament from somewhere else on the body. The doctor takes a tendon in the wrist, cuts it out, and connects it in replace of the broken ligament. However, the new ligament is no stronger than the old ligament. The inventor of Tommy John surgery, Doctor Frank Jobe, spoke in favor of this notion, saying “The surgery doesn’t make anyone better… It restores. That’s it." Doctors have not perfected the surgery either. In 2014, 11 out of 31 surgeries performed were for revisional purposes. Players underwent Tommy John surgery for a second time because the first surgery failed. According to Stephania Bell in an article on ESPN.com, since 1999, 32 pitchers have undergone revisional Tommy John surgery and a third of those revisions happened in the past year. Bell also tracked five starting pitchers and five relief pitcher’s velocities before and after surgery. Seven out of 10 pitchers had their velocity decrease post-surgery. The three pitchers that had their velocity increase, increased by tenths of a mile per hour.
     So why do pitchers elect to receive Tommy John surgery? Because of the money that comes with making it to Major League Baseball. The average annual salary for a Major League Baseball player in 2014 was $3.82 million dollars. Pitcher Max Scherzer inked a seven year, $210 million deal from the Washington Nationals last offseason. Almost all of the top tier pitchers ink nine figure deals. With pitching in such demand in Major League Baseball, organizations willingly spend insane amounts of money on a pitcher. These teenagers want part of that. Therefore, they feel the need to do anything they can in order to succeed as a pitcher, even if that means needing Tommy John surgery. At young ages, pitchers willingly do anything to net themselves a lucrative contract in the Major Leagues. They will throw hundreds of pitches at top speeds all year round in order to impress Major League scouts. These baseball organizations even encourage it, shown when scouts pressured Brady Aiken to pitch against doctor’s orders. Major League Baseball organizations use the money against these young pitchers. They have created their own conundrum known as the epidemic of Tommy John surgery. An inflation of Tommy John surgeries in baseball without any known long-term consequences is a scary path for baseball to head down. What could happen to these pitchers 10, 20, even 50 years in the future? Let us not wait to find out by taking initiative now.

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